Best practices for teaching literacy for student with significant Research Paper

Best practices for teaching literacy for student with significant disabilities - Research Paper Example Literacy therefore, encompasses the lifelong as well as intellectual processes of generating meaning from a critical perspective presented in the form of a print or written text (Browder et al 2009). The primary role to all literacy relates to reading development that encompasses a progression of necessary skills for understanding spoken words as well as decoding the written words that eventually leads to deep understanding of the text. Developing reading encompasses a variety of complex language underpinnings that touches on awareness of speech sounds, patterns use in spelling words, meaning of words as well as grammar among others. Once a person acquires these skills, the person attains full literacy that also ensures the ability to apply critical analysis as well as inference and synthesis (Browder et al 2009). Writing accuracy as well as coherence together with basing the thoughts on creativity also serves as important factors in developing the literacy of individuals. However, there exists a significant challenge for teaching students with significant disabilities. Various approaches have been employed over the recent past to enhance students with severe disabilities to gain literacy. The paper therefore examines the best practices that ensure effective teaching literacy for these disadvantaged students. Achieving improved literacy improvements for students has been for long a major goal throughout the society settings. The trend towards enhancing students suffering from both moderate and severe intellectual disability has however remained elusive for a significant period of time until the recent past attributes towards ensuring equal opportunities for all. Limited opportunities, poor quality or absence of literacy instructions for the intellectually disabled students have for long made literacy acquiring challenging for students suffering from intellectual disabilities. The traditional

From the perspective of your own discipline, critically assess the Essay - 3

From the perspective of your own discipline, critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of any TWO research methods discussed on this module - Essay Example Ethnography refers to a research method that involves the study of peoples and their cultural practices when collecting information. Ethnography requires a researcher to be actively involved in the field where the researchers involve in participants’ activities directly (Hammersley and Atikson 2007, p.14). For example, a journalist carrying out research on the kind of meal consumed by a particular community will have to join them when preparing food in order to collect rigid information. This is an effective method for obtaining primary information as journalist obtains data without exaggeration. Additionally, it enables account for the complexity of the group their relationship and providing context for their behavior (OReilly 2009, p.102). However, it encounters some challenges; firstly, respondents may behave differently during research period thus hiding reliable information. Additionally, the journalist is committed so much since they have to be actively involved in the f ield. Finally, it is a tedious method considering time taken to complete research. Ethnography is often referred to as â€Å"Think Descriptive† where gathered data is culminated, and then journalists’ think about it to bring about cultural meaning from the information obtained. It could also be advantageous for a journalist who is knowledgeable on ethnography since they are able to obtain information from nonverbal traits through body language thus ensuring no information is left hidden (Hansen 2010, p.215). Additionally, unique words are noted and their meanings are compared across cultures to note similarity and differences on the same. Ethnography enables journalists to reflect on their findings; thus, gaining more insight on the matter considering their personal observation on the field of study (Peterson and Domingo 2009, p.29). In addition, this method is useful to journalists in their reporting as it

From a Dream to Reality Essay -- Teaching Education Essays

From a Dream to Reality When I decided to go back to school my objective was not only to increase my knowledge and receive a degree, but I decided that the only profession for me to pursue would be to earn a degree in teaching. Not because a business or computer degree would be out of my grasp, I can learn anything necessary to do a job, but because by earning a degree in teaching I would be able to fulfill a dream of mine that I had held since my own days in school. I want to be able to help children reach for the dreams in their lives. That is the reason that I have begun this program of study, to fulfill my life ambitions of becoming a teacher so that I can help inspire children to reach for their dreams that they are holding. Even though I’m starting college with this plan of being a teacher later than my colleges, I will be able to help them and my future students by sharing my life experiences that have occurred so far. I have always had a way with children, they seem to be comfortable around me and I like taking the time to listen and talk to them so that they are able to express what is on their mind. I believe that by being an available positive role model to them in their elementary school years I can make a difference in their life. Children are very special and I believe that it takes someone that is more interested in helping the child than in their job or the paycheck, to help make a child to succeed. The time I have had in life to observe people it has become apparent to me that if a child is not succeeding in school, there is a very good chance that as an adult, they will not succeed either. Though if that child has a positive role model in their life this may increase that child’s success rate. When that ch... ...e best role model for them. By being from a low-income family of seven children and being male I did not receive the encouragement that I needed to go to college. I was more or less told to graduate from high school and get a job. But I never let my dream die because I needed more out of life than a job. With this background I can show my students that they can achieve their goals. Obtaining or completing a degree in teaching is more than going to college and getting a degree. It is a profession that has a purpose, and that purpose is to help other people, and for me those people are children, to help them become whatever it is that they dream. To make this happen I will not only have teach them, but also to learn from them and help them learn from the world. By doing this I will become one of many excellent teachers who have helped me reach for my dream.

Community Assessment and Analysis Essay

Yuma Community Of all the problems faced by Yuma community, along with the state ranking for teen births, the community also takes third place. (County Health Rankings, 2012). Programs that will help to educate teens on the importance of using birth control in order to stop undesirable pregnancies are a rising need within the community. Additional health problems for this community include obesity in the adolescent population; in 2005, the Yuma community had approximately thirty six percent of its adolescent in obese category, comparing to twenty nine percent in the entire state. (Centers for Disease Control, 2005). In the state The Steps program steered by the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care Centers, targeted five communities and over 2,200 children mostly decreasing sugary drinks, cumulative fiber intake and wholegrain foods. The state of Arizona as a whole is facing another larger issue in the Vaccination rate. World Health Organization mandates 95% of vaccination rate for the entire population. The rate of vaccination set by the state is 90% and the current rate of the State is 70%, which far below the target goal and is alarming. (Arizona Department of Health Service, 2011). Arizona Republic magazine reports that, I the upper and middle class one of the reason for non-compliance with immunization is fear of causing Autism. If given opportunity, the lower class families seem to show better compliance with immunization when cost factor is elicited (Alitucker, 2011). Location and climate play an important role in the health issues of this community. Mexico and California are the two borders of Yuma community. The economy and budget gets divided among law enforcement and Border patrol. The increasing crime rate requires the state to contribute a major part of its budget towards law enforcement and protection of its citizens, which takes a down toll on the availability of the public health res ources initiation. A health initiative, to utilize funding ,such as to ensure free water supply to all the community could benefit to elicit problems related to Dehydration in this desert climate. Educational status is another concern of this community. Hispanic population accounts for sixty percent. High rate of drop outs from school is considered to be related to language barrier. Education can play a vital role in enabling the community to critically to acknowledge problems and to find remedies to stay healthy as a community. Yuma Community can benefit from added funding to support and to maintain programs to stay healthy as a community. With the limited funding, community is able to assist with citizens with housing, health insurance including dental coverage in the community (Need Help Paying Bills, 2011). Yuma community cannot be considered totally poor, because the community consists of one main acute care hospital and two smaller hospitals inside a sixty mile distance. But the lack of Medical specialty such as Cardiac surgeries or those require high skilled treatments are not easily available within the community. The nearest specialty hospitals for children and adults are in Phoenix. Fatal accidents accounts as first reason for the higher death rate in the community. In 2007, the total death rate for the city of Yuma is higher than the state average in total, directing to fatal accidents as the source (Yuma, AZ, 2012). The functional health assessment of Yuma community, we have learned that there are many problems that can be considered in the County. Some of the key problems prominent are high rates of obesity, alcoholism, drug addiction, and teen pregnancy. Though the total obesity rates are close to national average, the statistics show that County has a much higher rate of adults that do not exercise. In order to care for the mental health needs of the community, the County has six addiction treatment centers. The suicide rate remains high even with the availability of mental health service within the community. There are two military bases to serve the community. The increased poverty rate is believed to be the reason for higher addiction rate. Yuma is the eleventh largest city in the state, but they have the third highest rate of teen births. There are several facilities in the county to assist socially with issues related to parenting; poverty, and employment, addition of more funding and facilities can be helpful to the community, to rebuild a healthier community. Even with all of these problems, several people are proud to call Yuma County their home. The friendship felt within the communities such as a military social function, the local bar, at the river, or out on the ridges leads many people to find a pleasant and happy life here. There are plenty of resources to help the population discover the services they require, and to enjoy a cleaner and healthier environment. With an added focus on the health issues, Yuma community can stay healthy and happy. Sleep and rest. The sleep habit of the people in Yuma is mostly uninterrupted. Most of them are sleeping 6-8 hrs at night. Going to bed At 10 pm and waking at 0600.There are full time workers with 12 hour and 8 hour schedules. Some of the members are doing the part time work, some are doing voluntary work. Some of the older population states that very seldom they use sleeping pills to promote sleep. Few of the ladies have the habit of drinking, hot milk before going to bed, limited number of ladies have the habit of drinking wine before sleep. Some of the adult populations have sleep apnea problems. Sound sleep indicates sound health of mind and body. Cognitive/Perceptual The primary language for this community is English. Increasing numbers of older adults have access to and are knowledgeable about computers. They are well educated and most of them are well employed. No communication barriers noted among this group. Libraries and internet facilities are available in the community for the members use. Most of the older people using glasses for the visual impairment and few of them were using hearing aid for the auditory impairment. The people go to the community college for short term career goals. It was interesting to note that some of the older people are continuing education. Self-Perception/Self-Concept Yuma city population consist of 29.6% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. Agriculture is a major industry in Yuma, topping Arizona counties in agricultural sales. In addition, Yuma County also houses the US Marine Corps Air Station and US Army Yuma Proving Grounds are located near Yuma City. Yuma County is thus characterized by large transient populations, as it is a temporary place of residence for agricultural migrant workers, winter residents and military personnel. With the beginning of the winter growing season in October, the county has a large influx of migrant farm workers and winter residents. In 2008, Yuma County was a temporary home to 41,314 migrant and agricultural workers and to 12,600 winter residents (Yuma Special Area Statistical Profile-2008). Hunting is a popular sport, as the county offers a variety of different types of game. Fun, Friendship, Freedom and fulfillment are the mission of Yuma County. The members are bound together by these missions. Some of the major attractions in Yuma County are the historical Territorial Prison, the Yuma Crossing Historic Park. Other great places to visit are the Kofa Mountain Range and Wildlife Refuge, and Martinez and Mittry Lakes. Sexuality/Reproductive The people in Yuma County believe that teen pregnancy and/or STDs are a major health issue in Yuma County. Youth and teens are most affected along with Hispanics and Native Americans. Compared to the 2010 health targets, however, Yuma County falls short in reducing teen pregnancy among 15-17 year olds, prenatal care, low birth weight, and fetal/infant death. The family environment was mentioned as a factor contributing to negative health outcomes stemming from the breakdown of the family. One interview respondent felt that â€Å"children do not have a sense of self-worth or self-esteem and are no longer being nourished; only sustained.† Interview respondents felt that parents do not have time for their children and there is a lack of communication between parents and children. Further, they felt parents are not involved or are not educated on how to take care of their children’s health. Most of the members are having annual physical checkup with mammogram and Pap smear. Community awareness program including the transmission and prevention of STD/ HIV / AIDS are being held in the community. Coping/Stress An important aspect of healthy ageing is the ability to cope with and adapt to life conditions and transitions. Participation in social activity helps the Yuma county people to cope with transitory, acute and chronic stressors in their lives. The accumulation of chronic health conditions can negatively affect psychological wellbeing and quality of life. In addition to health-related stressors, the death of a spouse is often a challenging loss for older population. Related to this, social isolation, loneliness and loss of social support systems may be additional stressors in older people’s lives that affect psychological wellbeing. There is evidence that both personal attributes and social resources influence the perceived severity of a stressor, and also the types of coping strategies that older women use to manage these stressors. The Yuma county members managing stress with multiple ways. Reference Best Places. (2012). People in Yuma County, Arizona. Retrieved November 29, 2012, from http://www.bestplaces.net/people/county/arizona/Yuma Centers for Disease Control. (2005). Teen obesity statistics. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from http://www.cdc.gov Child, youth, and school services. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.yumamwr.com/cys.html City of Yuma. (2012). Parks and recreations. Retrieved November 22, 2012, from http://www.ci.yuma.az.us/1357.htm County Health Rankings. (2012). Yuma, Arizona teen birth rates. Retrieved from http://m.countyhealthrankings.org/node/246/14

A Selection of Quotes by Julius Kambarage Nyerere

Julius Kambarage Nyerere was a well-known politician and activist who served as the president of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985. Though a controversial individual, his efforts as a politician resulted in his status of being the Father of the Nation. He died at the age of 77 in 1999. Quotes In Tanganyika we believe that only evil, Godless men would make the color of a mans skin the criteria for granting him civil rights. The African is not Communistic in his thinking; he is, if I may coin an expression, communitary. Having come into contact with a civilization which has over-emphasized the freedom of the individual, we are in fact faced with one of the big problems of Africa in the modern world. Our problem is just this: how to get the benefits of European society, benefits that have been brought about by an organization based upon the individual, and yet retain Africans own structure of society in which the individual is a member of a kind of fellowship. We, in Africa, have no more need of being converted to socialism than we have of being taught democracy. Both are rooted in our past, in the traditional society which produced us. No nation has the right to make decisions for another nation; no people for another people. In Tanzania, it was more than one hundred tribal units which lost their freedom; it was one nation that regained it. If a door is shut, attempts should be made to open it; if it is ajar, it should be pushed until it is wide open. In neither case should the door be blown up at the expense of those inside. You dont have to be a Communist to see that China has a lot to teach us in development. The fact that they have a different political system than ours has nothing to do with it. [A] man is developing himself when he grows, or earns, enough to provide decent conditions for himself and his family; he is not being developed if someone gives him these things. ...intellectuals have a special contribution to make to the development of our nation, and to Africa. And I am asking that their knowledge, and the greater understanding that they should possess, should be used for the benefit of the society of which we are all members. If real development is to take place, the people have to be involved. We can try to cut ourselves from our fellows on the basis of the education we have had; we can try to carve our for ourselves an unfair share of the wealth of the society. But the cost to us, as well as to our fellow citizens, will be very high. It will be high not only in terms of satisfactions forgone, but also in terms of our own security and well-being. To measure a countrys wealth by its gross national product is to measure things, not satisfactions. Capitalism is very dynamic. It is a fighting system. Each capitalist enterprise survives by successfully fighting other capitalist enterprises. Capitalism means that the masses will work, and a few people, who may not labor at all, will benefit from that work. The few will sit down to a banquet, and the masses will eat whatever is left over. We spoke and acted as if, given the opportunity for self-government, we would quickly create utopias. Instead injustice, even tyranny, is rampant.

International Trade And Globalisation Debates - 2405 Words

Introduction This paper will examine some of many intricacies raised in current international trade and globalisation debates which truly highlight some of societies toughest challenges posed today and for the coming future. In Part 1, the impact of fragmentation of power into regional blocs will be discussed followed by an evaluation of the recent wave in trade negotiations like the TPP in Part II. Finally, the criticism toward the TTIP will be considered and reflected upon in Part III. (Gray, 2009) argues that the world is developing into an increasingly unstable environment - where the notion of a global system for everyone’s benefit is replaced with a strong concern that regions will be â€Å"split-up† into smaller units of power with†¦show more content†¦Pomfret raises questions whether RTAs really are as important as the headline numbers suggest. Further, the argument is that despite the increased attention being paid to regional arrangements, the hold of multilateralism is stronger than ever as practically every trading country have now agreed to the WTO, with lower trade barriers etc. than ever before. Therefore, it is argued; regionalism has not posed a serious challenge to the world economy as the multilateral trading system has over the last sixty years gone from strength to strength which should continue (Pomfret R, 2006). The above points are made in 2006, which is before the recent stalemate of the DOHA Development Round. However, in the light of how these multilateral trade deals have proceeded since that time, the arguments made can essentially be seen as a self-defeating prophecy. This paper argues that it is - the explosion of RTA’s that may impact on any development of multilateral trade agreements, and this is driven by a number of different factors. Not least because developed countries are disappointed with an underachieving multilateral process as suggested in (Muzaka V and Bishop M, 2014). As (Edward D et al, 1999) pointed out, regional arrangements supply countries with preferential access to members’ markets (like the EFTA etc.) and as a consequence spur trade

Discussion on Otitis Externa - 1050 Words

In discussing otitis externa, the diagnosis can be explained by misdiagnosis. Some patients are diabetic immunocompromised with severe pain in the ear should have necrotizing OE excluded by an otolaryngologist. Otitis externa is an inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal, the auricle, or both. It is a common disease that can be found in all age groups. OE usually represents an acute bacterial infection of the skin of the ear canal (most commonly attributable to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus, but can also be caused by other bacteria, viruses, or a fungal infection. Several factors can contribute EAC infection and development of OE, include the following, absence of cerumen, high humidity, retained†¦show more content†¦in 1906. The symptoms included memory loss, strange behavior, and shrinkage in the patient’s brain Psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, Dr. Alzheimer’s colleague, coins the term â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease in a 1910 medical book. Treatment for Alzheimer’s disease started with the first clinical trial of a drug designed to treat the symptoms of AD. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration formally approved the drug tacrine in 1993. Four more Alzheimer’s drugs were approved during the next decade. (Healthline, 2014). Diabetes mellitus diagnosis is performed by a blood test. The test usually reveals high blood glucose. Steps in diagnosis include, if patient presents with symptoms of diabetes of a blood test for blood glucose is ordered. In most cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus there may be little or no symptoms. This means high blood sugar may be detected on a routine blood tests for example one taken before a surgery. It may be important to make the diagnosis early since uncontrolled high blood glucose for a long duration leads to long term damage to blood vessels and other complications. Diabetes is diagnosed on the basis of a single abnormal plasma glucose reading. When taken randomly at any time of the day the levels are significant if they are above 111 moll/L and when taken after an overnight fast, the numbers of significant if above 7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). (news medical.net 2014.) Diagnosis involves assessment of damage to kidneys, eyes and other organsShow MoreRelatedCase Study Of ENT Fb1445 Words   |  6 PagesComplications were reported in 30 (12%) patients with FBs in their ears, especially in those with previous failed attempts at removal. Complications included the following: otitis externa (14 cases - 5.6%), laceration/bruising of the external canal ( 8 cases - 3.2%), tympanicmembrane perforation ( 4 cases - 1.6%), and acute otitis media ( 4 cases - 1.6%). Foreign Bodies in the Nose Foreign bodies lodged in the nose were encountered in 192 patients, 87 (45.31%) of which were males, and 105 (54.69%) ofRead MoreFacial Nerve Tumour : Diagnostic Reasoning2274 Words   |  10 Pagestumour may just be monitored with regular MRI’s (Marzo, Zender Leonetti, 2009). Surgical removal is considered when there is gross facial weakness (Marzo, Zender Leonetti, 2009). Acute Otitus Media with facial nerve palsy Diagnostic Reasoning Acute Otitis Media (AOM), is an inflammation with bacterial or viral pathology of the middle ear (Waheem, 2016). AOM commonly presents with otalgia, otorrhea, headache, and fever (Waheem, 2016). In AOM, facial palsy is a rare complication that is seen (Kitsko